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Home > Blog > Determining the Right Pressure for Your Draft Beer System [Chart]

Determining the Right Pressure for Your Draft Beer System [Chart]

By Kegworks | 17 March, 2021

draft beer

To pour a perfect beer you need to make sure the pressure of your draft beer system is set properly.
One of the trickiest parts of having a draft beer system is setting the pressure so that you don’t get either a trickle of liquid coming out of your tap or a blast of foam flying at you. How to determine the correct pressure for your draft beer system is a question we get often, and we’re here to help you find the right balance.

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Common CO2 Keg Pressure Settings for Different Styles of Beer

Depending on the style of beer you are pouring there are some basic parameters that can be used to determine an ideal pressure setting. For most ales (including pale ales, IPAs, ambers, etc.) that come from the brewery with a carbonation volume of about 2.1 to 2.6, you want to set your regulator from about 7 to 13 psi. For lagers, a regulator set between 10 and 14 psi works best. Continental and light pilsners require slightly higher CO2 regulator settings, from 11 to 16 psi. Wheat beers, Belgian beers, and common American sours are generally the most carbonated beers, requiring about 15 to 20 psi. Stouts should be poured with beer gas and a stout faucet, using a nitrogen regulator at about 35 to 38 psi.


Determining the Right Pressure for Your Long-Draw Draft Beer System

The basic settings above are a great starting point for those that have kegerators or a direct-draw draft system. Things get a little more involved when it comes to complex long-draw draft systems. We have to take into account the path the beer takes from keg to tap to help determine the appropriate pressure (PSI). Luckily, there is a rather simple formula to determine this.

All you need is 3 factors: Length of Beer Line, Line Resistance, and Gravity. This section will walk you through how to determine each of these factors, and thus, the ideal pressure for your draft beer system:

Pressure = (Length of Beer Line in Feet x Line Resistance) + (Gravity x .5)

1. Determine Length of Beer Line

If you don’t know the length of your beer line, simply measure the length of line from your shank to your coupler. You will need this measurement to be in feet.

2. Determine Line Resistance

Line Resistance may also be called ā€œRestriction Valueā€; the two terms are interchangeable. This just means the amount of pressure being pumped through a line. Every foot of beer line has a set, average Line Resistance. The smaller the Inside Diameter of your beer line, the higher the Line Resistance; The larger the Inside Diameter, the lower the Line Resistance. Below are two charts of Line Resistance for various common diameters of both vinyl and stainless steel beer lines.

Vinyl Beer Line
Line Length Hose Diameter Line Resistance
1 foot 3/16″ Inside Diameter 2.20 lb
1 foot 1/4″ Inside Diameter .65 lb
1 foot 5/16″ Inside Diameter .40 lb
1 foot 3/8″ Inside Diameter .20 lb
1 foot 1/2″ Inside Diameter .025 lb
Stainless Steel Beer Line
Line Length Hose Diameter Line Resistance
1 foot 1/4″ Outside Diameter 1.20 lb
1 foot 5/16″ Outside Diameter .30 lb
1 foot 3/8″ Outside Diameter .12 lb

Example:
Your beer line from tower to your keg measures 5 feet.
Your beer line is 3/16ā€ Inside Diameter.
Multiply Length (5 Feet) X Line Resistance from the chart above (2.20 lb)
Line Resistance = 11 lb

3. Determine Gravity

The Vertical Rise or Vertical Fall of your draft beer system determines your system’s gravity. It is measured between the two horizontal planes of your system: the center of the keg and your faucet. On average, for each foot of gravity in your system a value of .45 PSI will need to be applied. You can round to .5 PSI to make this calculation easier.

Example:
Your faucet is 2 feet above your keg.
Your keg is 2 feet high.
Add your faucet height (2 feet) + you keg height / 2 (1 foot).
Gravity = 3 feet
(Note, in the end calculation, you will need to multiple Gravity by .5 PSI. We will walk you though this in the next step.)

4. Determining Ideal Pressure (PSI)

Now that you have each of the 3 factors, you are ready to determine the ideal pressure for your kegerator or draft beer system.
Use the formula from above:
Pressure = (Length of Beer Line (in feet) x Line Resistance) + (Gravity x .5)

Example:
Length of Beer Line = 5 feet
Line Resistance per foot = 2.2 lb
Gravity = 3 feet
(5 feet x 2.2) + (3 x .5)
11 + 1.5
Ideal Pressure = 12.5 lb


Because a draft beer system is a closed system, what you put in directly corresponds to what you get out. Setting your CO2 gauge correctly when you tap the keg will prevent both over- and under-carbonation. When the pressure of your system and the pressure you apply from your regulator are equal, your system is balanced. If your system is balanced, you can pour about one gallon of beer per minute, or 2 ounces a second!

There are a few ways to tell if your pressure is not set correctly.

Signs of Over-Carbonation

  • Looks: It resembles a pint of seltzer water, with lots of small bubbles rushing up from the bottom of the glass.
  • Taste: It’s sharp and acidic. When you combine CO2 with water you get carbonic acid. Bitey beers that weren’t intended to be bitey are not fun to drink.
  • Smell: You may be able to pick up a bit of the acid as the bubbles pop in the general vicinity of your sniffer.
  • Texture: Feels like Pop Rocks in your mouth (in a bad way).

Signs of Under-Carbonation

  • Looks: It’s practically still, like apple juice.
  • Taste: Flat and dull. Not a whole lot going on.
  • Smell: You perceive less aromatics than you would with a properly carbonated beer.
  • Texture: It feels thinner or more watery than you would expect it to.

Setting your draft beer system to the right pressure will help you pour the perfect beer and eliminate waste. For more information about CO2 when it comes to draft beer systems, check out our 8 Answers to Frequently Asked Draft Beer CO2 Questions. If you’re still having problems with pouring pints from your kegerator or draft beer system, then check out our tips for Troubleshooting Your Draft Beer System.


Kegworks

Kegworks has been transforming hospitality spaces since 1998 with expertly crafted architectural metalwork and professional draft beer equipment, helping designers, architects, and bar professionals bring their visions to life.


Comments






Dwight Bobier
October 3, 2020, 3:33 pm

I am having trouble with gas breakout in the beer line. This results in a very foamy pour. I might have more beer line than I need but it was my approach to solving the problem. Running approx 12# CO2 on a lager beer. The bubbles appear right at the Sanke connector and then collect at any high spots in the beer line. How do you determine the CO2 pressure in the beer? Any suggestion?

David Buchanan
October 5, 2020, 5:41 pm

Hi Dwight:

The Co2 will expand out of the beer if it is not at equilibrium. This could be the result of either the keg being a few degrees too warm or the pressure being set too low. Unfortunately, the beer companies do not tell you the exact pressure setting so there is a little bit of educated guesswork involved.

The first thing to do is take the temp of the beer. Pour some into a glass and use a thermometer to read the temp (do not trust the digital readout of a refrigerator). If it is warmer than 38 degrees, make adjustments to your refrigerator temp.

If it is 38 degrees and still foamy, increase the pressure to around 14 PSI. Light beer is usually in the range of 12-15PSI.

Herb
October 9, 2020, 4:28 am

In another chart, you list the ideal gas pressure ranges for different styles of beer. On this page, the formulas for calculating optimum system pressure are listed. How do I use these two pieces of information to adjust the best line pressure for a specific beer?

David Buchanan
October 12, 2020, 12:35 pm

Hi, Herb. Use the formula in this post to initially set your pressure, and then adjust it based on the style of beer from the settings in the other post. Cheers!

Joshua Hicks
November 5, 2020, 11:35 pm

I have a walk in, 16 beers on tap. Trunk line will drop about 7ft down, run 20ft across the room under floor and rise about 7ft to the beer tower. What size line and what pressure would be ideal for the best pour? Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks.

David Buchanan
November 19, 2020, 3:41 pm

Hi, Josh. I just emailed you a response to this. Cheers!

Eugene Finn
December 20, 2020, 7:41 pm

Hi I have a gas regulator on a 70/30 gas mixture trying to operate guiness and heiniken from this system
barrells are right under taps about 3 ft of piping what should be the gas pressure setting on regulator
Regards
Eugene Finn

Frank Kopecky
December 23, 2020, 2:57 pm

I'm confused, In order to avoid too much foam I have to keep my serving pressure below 8 psi which tends to reduce my beers carbonation level over time. I read an article titled "A Balancing Act: How to Balance Your Home Draft System" (May 2018) which suggested I needed to increase my beer lines to approx. 13 feet whereas this talks about a 5 foot line which is approximately what mine is. How/why the discrepancy or am I missing something?

David Buchanan
December 28, 2020, 9:59 pm

Hi, Eugene. We recommend 30-35 psi for Guinness. We have a blog post about serving Guinness on draft https://content.kegworks.com/blog/how-to-get-guinness-on-tap-at-home

David Buchanan
December 29, 2020, 1:59 pm

Hi, Frank. It seems like that article you mentioned and our blog are trying to figure out 2 different things. Our formula gives you the PSI you should set yours at whereas that other article is about determining the length of your beer line. We just use 5' as an example in ours. Plus there's some homebrewing factors taken into account that I'm not familiar with.

tyler j
March 7, 2021, 7:52 pm

What if I have a beer line that is 3320 ft long? or do I take the length from the keg to where the psi gage is? where the float is

David Buchanan
March 8, 2021, 2:20 pm

Hi, Tyler. You measure from the keg (coupler) to the faucet shank. That's the entire distance the beer travels from keg to tap.

Co van den Raad
March 24, 2021, 2:40 pm

Although this is a very simple calculation, I'm still confused, so please assist.

I just recently purchased a keg and am therefore new in this game.

My 1/4" vynil beer line is 2 feet long, from keg to faucet (2x.65 = 1.3) & the center of the keg to my faucet is also 2 feet (2 x .5 = 1) which gives me a total pressure (psi) of 2.3psi. Is that possible? My measured temp inside my kegerator is 40*F (5*C)

Hope to hear from you soon.

Chris
April 6, 2021, 12:00 am

What about temp? We are tapping kegs and using a jockey box at 3800ft elevation and in a desert. Finding the right pressure has been a challenge to keep the head down. Cant keep the kegs chilled so we use your 120ft 3/8ths inch stainless coil to chill the beer. Cooler is a yeti style and beer is nice and cold by the time it comes out. But it is still hard to hit an exact temp when we are just loading ice into a cooler. I can measure the pour temp and adjust pressure as needed after doing the math. Any help would be appreciated!

David Buchanan
April 26, 2021, 2:56 pm

Hi, Chris. Sorry for the delay in responding. Jockey boxes are a little trickier. We recommend start out 25-30 PSI and see how the beer is pouring. Gradually adjust upwards to eliminate large bubbles in your beer or excess foam, until the beer is pouring out with a proper head. The warmer the keg gets as the day goes on, the higher you may need to increase the pressure youre pouring it at.

Thomas Goring
June 6, 2021, 10:01 am

Having a bit of trouble balancing my system. Ive made a home bar and Ive got 1 tap running peroni on 60/40 gas. My keg is about 1m below the tap and I have a maxi 110 cooler with python line connected to it and using approximately 10ft of 3/16 beer line and got my psi set at 15 the get started off a bit foamy then its gone a little flat towards the end so I assume Ive over carbonated it :( any tips would be appreciated

David Buchanan
June 22, 2021, 1:00 pm

Hi, Thomas. It sounds like you're using a flash chiller system. We do not carry those. You might want to check with the manufacturer or where you purchased it from. Cheers!

James Cupit
June 29, 2021, 12:12 am

Hey Chris, just to add to Davids response. When using a jockey box and pouring most ales you will want to use a 50/50 blend, 50% CO2/50%nitrogen. This mix will allow you to push the beer the long distance, 120, at the needed higher pressure, 34 psi +/-, without over carbonating.

James Cupit
June 29, 2021, 12:22 am

Thomas,
Two things:
*Reduce the length of your 3/16 line to about 5
*Use 100% CO2 @ 12psi

If you are not pouring a Guinness or another nitrogenated beer do not use draft beer gases The name is miss leading. It is only meant for Guinness and jockey boxes.

Michael Rabbitt
September 18, 2021, 1:34 pm

I didnt notice any reference to keg storage temp with Co2 content that would maintain equilibrium pressure in keg.

Sam
September 30, 2021, 4:12 pm

Your equation for gravity is faucet height (2) plus keg height (2) divided by 2? 2+2=4.
42=2.

Steve DeHart
December 9, 2021, 12:03 pm

Hello my question is in calculating the Vertical Rise or Vertical Fall, I know you add .5 Lbs. per foot of rise but would you also subtract .5 Lbs for the Fall?

David Buchanan
December 20, 2021, 3:14 pm

Hi, Steve. You do not subtract for the fall. Cheers!

Ross Ferreira
January 16, 2022, 9:40 pm

Hi, I've calculated my carbonating pressure at my temp of 41F should be about 16psi, at mt home altitude.
Do I now find the length of beer line to keep the regulator pressure at 16psi, or do I adjust my pressure to suit the length of line I happen to have?

David Buchanan
January 18, 2022, 1:51 pm

Hi, Ross:

16 psi should be an ideal pressure, but you should use the formula in the blog post just to be sure.

Sharon Gosche
February 3, 2022, 3:38 pm

I would realy like someone to contact me in regards to a new draft system

David Buchanan
February 3, 2022, 4:29 pm

Hi, Sharon. I've forwarded your email address to our draft beer sales representative to reach out to you or you can contact us through this page -> https://content.kegworks.com/customer-service/contact-us

Cheers!

Barry Williams
March 8, 2022, 9:12 pm

Having trouble with my home brew stout , to much head (70/30 mix gas ) . Tried everything. Longer lines , flow control, Guinness tap ,release the pressure to let it go flat , than start again everything. When its cascading like it does in the pub , its more head than stout help ??. Im starting to think the mixture in the gas bottle is wrong

Zach
March 21, 2022, 8:56 pm

I thought that same thing! I'm still a little lost on how they arrived at 3 feet in the equation above. Hopefully they see this and either inform us or change the article.

Christian Playford
June 16, 2022, 2:07 am

Newbie, could use some help. I just purchased a gently used True 72, plumbed with 4 short draft lines to single team tap tower. The regulator is looking for a CGA580, so I plan to run beer gas not straight CO2...alternatively I would need an adapter to connect to a CO2 only tank. My question...I see lots of mention of beer gas for Stouts, darker beers etc. Can I use beer gas for everyday lagers, pilsners, IPAs etc.? and if 'yes' is there a ideal pressure that will cover the majority of these without the need to always tweak?

John
June 17, 2022, 1:46 am

Only divide the keg height by 2, then add to the faucet height.

Tim Fisher
May 12, 2023, 3:02 am

I have a 4 tap kegerator being used with 5gal Corny kegs. 5 feet of dispensing line each, 2 foot tall kegs and a 2 foot rise from the top of the keg to the tap. I am using Evabarrier 4mm tubing with a 5/16" ID and 2.8lb resistance per foot.
(5 x 2.8) + (3 x 0.5) =15.5.

My keg fridge is set at 43F. I have 4 digital mini regulators in the fridge to dial in each of the beers.

How do I take "Ideal Pressure", as calculated, and convert it to the correct PSI I should set to carbonate each beer to the proper CO2 volume per each style?

Thanks in advance

David Buchanan
May 12, 2023, 3:44 pm

Hi, Tim. Since you are using a kegerator, the chart showing pressures for different beer styles in the post should give you a good starting point and then you can tweak it as necessary. The formula is more for long draw draft systems where the beer has to travel 15 or more feet from the keg to reach the tap. Cheers!

riste bulakovski
January 3, 2024, 9:20 am

hi my name is kris and i have purchased a kegerator can i get some help please i am running a bought keg of australian tootheys from the wholesalers a dark beer stout beer i have purchased a nitro regulator and nitro gas mix 30/70 3/16 inside diameter.of beer line came with it and gas line og 6mm in metric i also have purchased a nitro beer faucet can you please help with what length of beer line would best suit the kegerator system and pressure as i have found out on line you need about 25/30 psi to run dark stout beers its confusing cause many sites give you a calculator but thats for co2 and home brew beers with 12 to 14 psi my case is different i have put down as much information for you as possible kind thanks kris bula australia

David Buchanan
January 3, 2024, 2:24 pm

Hi, Kris. We recommend starting at around 35-38 psi for Nitro Stouts. Try that and then either increase or decrease pressure as you see fit.

mathew bertenshaw
February 22, 2024, 3:19 pm

I have a few questions on gas consumption how would beer line length and diameter of beer line,temperature and type of beer eff ect the amount of co2 used per pint. Using 100% co2 lines are about 250feet long from keg to bar tap cellar is between (40-50F) 6-10C we have larger cider and IPA 50 liter /11 gal kegs

Chris Owen
March 9, 2024, 5:55 am

I have a brewer that supplies very inconsistently carbonated beers. (OK, it's ultra cheap beer, but it's very popular so I sell it.) It probably classes as a "Continental"; the two versions are a clear golden lager style and a black lager as might be found in Eastern European countries. The kegs are 23 litre with S-type spikes. The problem is that sometimes the keg arrives very heavily carbonated. Talking to the supplier has no effect at all. Actually, I think the brewer makes a large amount of beer and then stores it in a warm environment until customers call for kegs.
So we have to find ways to de-gas it. We have tried decanting into a second keg; this causes the beer to foam inside the keg and release CO2. It works. We have also removed the spikes and allowed gas to escape to ambient pressure, then re-carbonate the keg. It works. But these blunt methods are labour intensive and require careful attention to the process, cleanliness etc.
Our latest attempt is to connect every new keg to the same gas line as the tap; we think that the beer might balance the gas content over a day or two. Given the price and general quality of the beer, we're not too worried about affecting the taste.
What would you suggest we do to balance the CO2 easily?

Cristian R
March 15, 2024, 10:57 pm

I have a 7.75 Modelo keg in fridge
The psi is around 10 to 12.5 still comes out for me. I have a beer lined as 10 feet long thought that was gonna fix it. The temperature is about 38 or 40 F inside. I tried to adjust the temperature but I dont want to carbonated do you guys know any tricks because my beer is coming up for me even after I burped the keg what should I do?

Nicholas Martyak
August 29, 2024, 11:38 am

I am new to homebrewing and have a question about kegging. You mention in the article: Common CO2 Keg Pressure Settings for Different Styles of Beer, that a brewery will ship a keg of beer with about 2.1 (I assume volumes). Does the brewery intentionally add CO2 to the keg or is this what is produced after fermentation? Thanks. Nick

Miranda C
January 30, 2025, 11:53 pm

Hello,
After gathering all the correct measurements, I came up with a psi that can't be correct.
My lines are 80ft (due to being at a brewery and the walk-in is at the back of the building), 1/4" inside diameter vinyl tubing- giving 52lb resistance, gravity of 4ft.
When I enter all these into the equation you provided, the recommended psi is 4162.
Please help!
Thank you!

David Buchanan
January 31, 2025, 7:16 pm

Hi, Miranda. After checking with our draft consultant. He recommends using 3/8" diameter draft lines and use 60% co2 / 40% nitrogen mixed gas, psi should be set between 22-25 with a glycol system.

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